Fuel burner



Feb. 13, 1940. E. G, PETERSON FUEL BURNER Filed March 19, 1938 4Sheets-511er:4 1

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Feb. 13, 1940. E. G. PETERSON FUEL BURNER Filed March 19, 1938 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 13, 1940. E. G. PETERSON FUEL BURNER Filed March 19,1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Feb. i3, 1940 FUEL BURNER Eric G.Peterson, Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor to Peabody EngineeringCorporation, New York,

Application March 19,

5 Claims.

The invention herein disclosed relates to fuel burners generally, but insome respects more particularly to marine type burners.

In naval operations it has become a practice 5 to separate the boilersfrom the re room by a 4gas and water-tight bulkhead forming in effect awind box about the air registers of the burners. The burner controls ofnecessity extend through such a bulkhead.

Special objects of the present invention are to provide practicable andefficient mounting and control of such burners, particularly to maintainthe required gas-tight and water-tight relation of parts at oppositesides of the bulkhead, to allow for such expansion and weaving as maynaturally occur in such constructions and to prevent such relativemovement from affecting or interfering with proper control and use ofthe burners.

Additional objects of the invention are to obtain more thorough andintimate mixing of the air with the fuel, to enable operation with thediffuser positioned within the air register, instead of at the minimumthroat diameter rearward of the air register as heretofore and in thisway to effect with a given draft loss, combustion of a greater amount offuel per square inch of throat area. A further object is to enable airsupply to a burner to be completely cut off when one of a group ofburners firing the furnace is shut down, as practised in marine work.

Further objects and the novel features of construction, combinations andrelations of parts by which the purposes of the invention are attainedwill appear and are definitely set forth in the following specificationand illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification show byway of illustration certain preferred embodiments of the invention andsuch as are now considered the best modes of applying the underlyingprinciples. Other embodiments of the invention employing the same orequivalent principles may, however, be used and structural changes madeas required or desired by those skilled in the art, Without departurefrom the present invention and within the true spirit and `broad scopeof the patent claims herein.

Figure 1 is a broken vertical sectional view of one of the burners.

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 illustrating a modified form ofoperating control.

Figure 3 is a broken sectional detail showing 193s, serial No. masia(on. 15s- 1.5)

portions of the air register as on substantially line 'I--l of Fig. 2.

Figure 4 is a broken and part vertical sectional view of a modified formof burner as constructed for use without the separating bulkhead andwith the radial vanes adjustable to operate as a damper and the`diffuser equipped with a shroud.

Figure 5 is a broken and part sectional side elevation of a modifiedform of diluser with two sets of adjustable air controlling blades.

Figures 6 and 7 are broken sectional views as on lines Ill-IIJ andII--Il of Figure 5.

Figure 8 is a broken detail of the radial dampers and front ring whichpivotally supports the outer ends of said radial dampers.

The naval type burner shown in Figure 1 is designed for installationswhere a bulkhead l covers the furnace front 8. This bulkhead is shown ashaving an opening la of suiicient size for complete removal of theburner therethrough and which opening is normally closed by a re`movable finish ring 1b.

The air register of the burner is shown as of the general type disclosedin Peabody Patent No. 1,527,214 of February 24, 1925, having curveddoors 9 in frustro-conical arrangement pivotally engaged on the spacersleeve 9a about the connecting bolts I between the back plate Illa andthe front supporting ring II.

Adjustment of the air doors from closed overlapping condition to apartially or wholly open condition is effected in the illustration froma ring I2 rotatably held on the supporting ring II by confining clips I3and having rearwardly projecting pins I4 engaging in slotted adjustingcams I extending from the front ends of the doors.

A bearing is shown at IB removably bolted at I1, Figure 4, on thesupport ring II, in which is journaled a short door adjustment shaft I8carrying at its rearward end a slotted lever arm I9 engaging a pin 20 onthe front of the adjusting ring I2. At the front end this shaft is shownas carrying a lever 2| slotted at 22 to receive a crank pin 23 on therearward end of an operating handle shaft 24 journaled in the nishringlb of the bulkhead at 25 and provided with an operating handle 25 on itsexposed front end at the front of the bulkhead. The bearing for thisoperating handle shaft is shown as equipped with a stuffing box 21 andan abutment shoulder 24a is shown on this shaft engageable with theinner end of the bearing to prevent outward movement such as mightdisengage the crank pin 23 from slotted lever 2I. y

The mounting of the operating handle in the finish ring of the bulkheadindependently of the rest of the burner and the slotted lost motionconnection at 23 between this handle and the air register allow forrelative movement between bulkhead and.burner such as might result fromexpansion or weaving and prevent such movements from varying orinterfering with the desired setting of the air register.

Preferably, the air register is denitely retained in the positionof'desired adjustment by means such as a notched segment on theoperating ring I2 engaging a spring detent mounted on the registersupport ring I I. This segment may be notched to hold the air doors-,9in the closed, open and partly open positions of adjustment. The springdetent thus constitutes in eiect a releasible locking means. If thefurnace front 8 and lever 2| supported therefrom move relative to thebulkhead, the operating handle 26 may rotate slightly due to the motiontransmitted by pin 23 and shaft 24; however, as handle 26 is free torotate in bearing 25 no strain is imposed on the linkage of .suchoperating mechanism because of such relative motion.

To increase the turbulence and whirling effect and to augment the supplyof air admitted about the periphery of the register, there is providedin the illustration a bladed front cover for the register, indicated asa ring 30 bolted to the register support ring I I at 3| and havingconically disposed frontwardly inclined spaced curved blades 32adesigned to impart rotation to an axially entering stream of air in thesame sense as the rotation imparted by the peripheral air doors. In someinstances these blades may be placed to impart opposite rotation or norotation at all to the axially entering stream of a1r. i

To shut oi or adjust the axial supply of air, there is provided in thepresent disclosure, Figs. 1 and 2, a series of radially disposed dampers32 journaled at their outer ends at 33 in the annular ring portion 30 ofthe bladed iront cover and rotatably held at their inner ends in seats34 in the hub portion 41 of this cover by an overstanding damper hub 35,secured to hub portion 41 by bolts 36.

'I'he inner journaled ends of the dampers 32 are shown as formed withcrank extensions 31 engaging in slots 38 in a damper operating cylinder39 rockably mounted on a support tube 40. This rocking damper operatingcylinder is shown as having a lever arm 4I carrying a pin 42 engaged inslot 43 in an arm 44 projecting from the air door adjustment shaft I8.Actually this arm 44 may be and ls shown as a reversely extendingportion of the slotted lever 2| which provides part of the connectionwith the hand crank 26.

The splitting of the bearings 34 for the radial dampers 32 between thefront cover hub 41 and damper hub 35 enables easy assemblage of theparts by slippingv the outer journal ends of the dampers in the bearings33 and then applying the separable hub portion 35 over the inner journalends of the dampers.

It will be apparent that adjustment of the air doors by operating handle26 also will eect adjustment of the dampers controlling the axial 'nowof air and in the same sense, that is, in the same opening or closingdirection. The relation of parts is preferably such that these demperswill be fully opened or fully closed as the peripheral air doors arefully opened or fully closed. It is contemplated that for someinstallations the adjustment of the air doors and the dampers may beindependent one of the other.

'Ihe support tube 40 is shown as secured by an inclined set screw 45 ina deep seat or socket 46 in the i'rontend of the support tube hub 41joining the inner ends of the iixed or stationary deiiector blades 32a.

To provide a sealing connection between the support tube 46 and theiinish ring 1b of the bulkhead, an annular corrugated expansion tube 43lis shown about the support tube secured at its rearward end by anadjustable sealing ange 43 to an expansion tube connector 50 on thennish ring and similarly held at its front end by an adjustable sealingange 5I to the support tube hub 52 iixed at 53 on the front end of thesupport tube. Gaskets |25 are provided intermediate 43 and 56 andintermediate 5I and theflange` portion of hub 52 for properly sealingthe flexible bellows or Sylphon 48 at its ends.

Within the air register portion oi the burner is a conical diffuser 55ilxedly secured upon a dliIuser pipe 54, which pipe is supported in rearbearing 56 and front bearing hub 52. Hub 52 is secured to 4II- by a setscrew 53. Set screw 53 seats upon a metallic gasket which in turn seatson aspot faced boss so as to obviate leakage at this point.

A stufiing box flange 51 is shown adjustably secured at 58, to the hubmember 52 on the front end of the support tube for providing a stulngbox connection between said support tube hub and diiuser pipe 54protruding therethrough and a set screw is indicatedon this stuilng boxange at 58 for securing the diffuser pipe in various positions of in andout adjustment.

To coniine the diuser pipe to straight in and out adjustments andprevent rotation of the atomizer which is carried thereby, a guide screwis shown at 60 extending through the support tube and into alongitudinal slot 6I in the top of the diiuser pipe. This screw also islocated to serve as an abutment for retaining the damper operatingcylinder 39 in engagement with cranks 31 of the damper vanes 32.

The diffuser 55, in Figs. l and 2, is shown as of conical form and asradially corrugated, with slots 62 cut through adjoining the peaks orridges of the corrugations, in line with the surfaces at the inside, asin Fig. 2, and at the proper side of the ridges to effect rotationinside the diffuser in the same sense as the peripherally and axiallyentering primary and secondary supplies of air. The end portion 56 ofhub 41 adjacent the diiuser is shown as formed with an annular cutout 63to seat the hub portion of the diffuser when the latter is backed out tothe outer limit of adjustment.

The design of the diffuser, by the identity of al1 corrugations is suchas to permit with the samek casting, cutting the slots 62 for eitherclockwise or counterclockwise rotation of air, as may be required by thedirection of air rotation through air doors 8, dampers 32 and stationaryblades 32a.

The radial dempers 32 are shown as closing at their peripheral edgesagainst an annular sealing shoulder 82. They are indicated further ashaving vane portions 83, extended beyond their pivoting axes 33, andshorter than the body portions or the dampers at 83a, so as to swinginero side and clear the sealing shoulder 82, as the dampers are openedand to lap behind the forward edge of the adjoining damper when thedampers are closed. These radial dampers are thus made' capable ofeffectively closing oi the axial flow of air.

Figure 2 illustrates a modification in which the operating handle 26a iscarried by a shaft 24a 'which is journaled in a bearing and stuiiing box21a carried by an annular enlargement or head 84 on the hub 52a on theend of support tube 40. A pinion 85 on the rear end of shaft 24a mesheswith a ring gear 86, iixed on the front end of a sleeve`81, rotatableupon the support tube as a bearing, within the expansion tube 48 andconnected at the rear by set screws 98 with the damper operatingcylinder 39a. A flange 99 closing the back of the annular head 84enables assembly of pinion 85 with ring gear 86 and serves as a mountingfor the sealing flange lconnection 5| for the front end of expansiontube 48. This construction permits the joint between flange 99 and thering 5| at the outer end of expansion tube 48,- to be maintained if itbe found desirable to remove the entire gear assembly and which latteris possible upon release of the bolt fastenings 99a,

vconnecting flanges 84 and 99, and releasing set screws 53 and 59, Fig.2.

The lever arm Ma projecting from the cylinder 39a in the Figure 2construction, carries a pin 62a engaging in slot 43a of arm 44avdependent from the air door operating shaft i0.

The operating handle 26a is shown as having a spring pressed detent 88engageable in notches in a segment 89 mounted on the front endv of thesupport tube hub 52a, which latter is in effect an extension of thebladed front cover 38. A stop 90 is shown adjustably secured at 9| onthis segment to limit the throw of crank 26a to the desired maximumopening movement of air doors 9 and dampers 92. The operating handle 26aand all the intermediate train connecting it with dampers 32 and airdoors 9 are supported on the furnace plate 8. Consequently, any relativemotion between the furnace front and bulkhead 'l will have no effectupon the setting of the air doors, dampers and adjusting handle andthese will not be subjected to distorting stress.

Where bulkhead operation is not required, the burner may be constructedas illustrated in Figure 4, with the door operating shaft extended as at|90. and directly carrying the crank arm ||l| in which is rotatablymounted the hand wheel 26h. The spindle of this hand wheel is shown asscrew-threaded at the back at |02 to carry a clamp plate |03 and setscrew which latter, by turning of the hand wheel can be made to grip afixedly supported indicating and locking quadrant |04 against the backof the crank arm.

'I'he clamp block |03 is loosely held in a nonrotatable relation in arecess |05 in the back of crank arm |0|. Upon turning the hand Wheel inone direction the clamp plate can be freed of gripping engagement withthe quadrant and the crank arm i0! be then swung by the hand wheel inone direction or the other to completely or partially open or close theair doors and dampers and when the desired adjustment is effected, thehand wheel can be rotated in the opposite direction to secure the crankarm in locked engagement with the quadrant, which with suitableindications on the front of the same will then show at a glance theposition in which the peripheral air doors and dampers are secured.

In the construction shown .in Fig. 4, the dampers 32 are omitted andcontrol of the axial flow of yair is accomplished by making the axialflow directing vanes adjustable instead of non-adjustable. Ihese vanes,here designated 32h, are shown as having pivot pins |06, at their innerends, journalled in bearings |01, in the support tube hub 56, and pivotpins |08, attheir outer ends, journalled in the support ring a andhaving cranked portions |09 engaged in slots H0, of the damper operatingring journalled on the front of support ring 30a. This damper operatingring by slotted lever 44a of the hand crank shaft |8a.

Also in Fig. 4, the diffuser is shown as carrying a shroud sleeve H3,extending in overlapping relation at I I4, over the inwardly projectingfixed shroud sleeve H5, carried by the front support ring 30a,

The structure of the diffuser may be further varied. Particularly,provision may be made for variable regulation of air flowing into andthrough the diffuser cone. Thus as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the airpassages through the diffuser cone may be provided between overlappingblades I8, adjustably held by the bolts H1, between the inner and outercone rings l I8, I9.

Figs. 5 and 6 show how the hub |20 of the diffuser may carry acylindrical air inlet member having peripheral air inlets providedbetween the overlapping blades |2l, adjustably secured by bolts |22.

It is realized that in some instances, it is desirable to have bothconical and circumferentially arranged adjustable air inlet lblades inthe dif- Operation The burner structure is supported from the furnacefront 8 and the parts which project through the bulkhead are flexiblysealed to that wall so that misalinement, weaving and any relativemovements as between furnace and bulkhead will have no injurious effecton the mechanism, operation or adjustment of the burner. The corrugatedexpansion tube 48 which seals the front end of the support tube and thesupport tube hub 52 to the nlsh ring of the bulkhead is suiiicientlyflexible to allow for such movements and can be both gas-tight andliquidtight to prevent flow of gas in either direction and to preventiiow of water in case of flooding at either side of the bulkhead. VThesame sealing effect is accomplished at the control handle 26 or 26awhich operates through a stuffing box either in the finish ring of thebulkhead as in the first example, Figure 1, or in the support tube hubas in the second example, Figure 6. `In the first instance, the lostmotion or pin and slot connections such as designated 22, 23, 42, 43,Figure l, prevent vibration or shifting of the bulkhead wall fromaffecting the burner adjustments.

` In the construction shown in Figure 2, no lost motion is requiredsince there is no relative movement between handle 26a and the partswhich it operates. In both examples, the rocking of the operating handle26 or 26a one way or the other vis shown as carrying at the top a pinI2, engaged i will effect angular rotative movement of the ring I2 foradjusting the air doors 9 in an opening o r closing direction and arocking of the operating cylinder 39 or 39a to turn the damper vanes 32in a corresponding opening or 'closing direction.

Thus, the secondary axial supply of air controlled by dampers 32 iscontrolled simultaneously and if desired proportionately to the primarysupply of air admitted by peripheral doors 9. The air doors and dampersare linked together so that the securing of the adjusting ring I2 servesto secure both in the desired position of adjustment. As the areacontrolled by dampers 32, even when these are in partially closedposition can be, and is as illustrated, materially greater than thatbetween the fixed blades 32a, adjustments of dampers 32 by operatinghandle 26 or 26a within the range of handle movement required to producethe desired variation in the operating position of doors 9, will notrestrict to a measureable degree the flow of air through blades 32a.Thus, while ilow through doors 9 may be varied, the ow through blades32a may be substantially constant. The connecting linkage is soproportioned that dampers 32 will close fully when air doors 9 are inthe closed overlapping position.

The ilxed radially extending and conically disposed blades 32a directthe axial iiow of secondary air tangentially and outwardly, imparting awhirling motion in the same sense as that imparted to the main airsupply admitted by the peripheral curved set of doors 9.

This provides a greater iiow of air to the burner throat and hencegreater capacity for a given draft loss than could be obtained with flowthrough peripheral doors 9 only. Furthermore, the tangential axial owstabilizes pressure conditions at the front of the register which, dueto the vortex action created near a solid front cover with air admittedthrough peripheral doors 9 only, tends to be somewhat unstable under theespecially severe operating conditions of naval boiler ring.

Part of the whirling air from blades 32a being directed outwardly,mingles smoothly with the flow of air entering by Way of doors 9, passesover the periphery of diffuser 55 and is directed Yinto the divergingoil spray from tip 80 by conical back plate Illa. Another portion ofthis whirling flow of air is directed towards the conical front ofdiffuser 55 and passes through radial slots 62 in the sides ofthe'corrugations and acrossl the inclined faces at the inside of thediffuser, in the same whirling sense breaking up and mingling with thespray issuing from atomizer tip 80.

The back plate Illa of the resister, having its front conical faceperpendicular to the peripheral door centers I0, instead of being curvedor in two joined corneal sections as in customary practice and making anacute angle with the burner throat |00, directs the rotating air towardthe oil spray in such a way as to effect maximum mixing effect withoutundue flame spread in the furnace. The diffuser being located whollywithin the conical air register has a minimum of choking eiect on theburner orifice.

If conditions require the shutting-down of any burner of a group firingone furnace, this can be effected quickly by shut-oir of fuel andturning of the operating handle 26 or 26a to close the air doors 9 anddampers 32. In this operation the air register is completely closedagainst air flow through it into the furnace and as the atomizer iswithdrawn, the diffuser pipe is automatically closed' against gas orwater ow in either direction and maintained sol by the self-A closingcheck valves.

It will be noted that possible points of leakage between boiler room andre room and vice versa and the sealing of same are: between bulkhead 1and finish ring 1b, sealed by a bolted gasket joint; bearing 25 andfinish ring 1b, sealed by a welded or similar connection; .shaft 24 andbearing 25 sealed by stuffing box 21; finish ring 1b and expansion tubeconnector 50, sealed by a bolted gasket joint; connector 50 andexpansion tube 48, sealed by a iianged gasket joint at 49; expansiontube 48 and support tube hub 52, sealed by a flanged gasket Joint at 5l;support tube hub and diuser pipe 54 sealed by a stufilng box at 51;diffuser pipe and coupling case 64, sealed byl a pipe thread or similarconnection; coupling casing, sealed by check valves 61, 68. Thus, withthe atomizer removed, no iiow is possible from one compartment to theother.

With the atomizer inserted, the seal provided by check valves 61, 63 isbroken. However, the securing of the atomizer in 'ring positionautomatically seals it in the outer end of the coupling and check valvecasing at 18.

While illustrated in the form of a liquid fuel burner, the invention isadapted also to burners for gaseous and solid fuels, alone or incombination with liquid fuel. It is contemplated that the structure maybe altered and designed to meet special requirements. For example, as inFig. 8, the dampers 32 may be omitted and the bladed front cover `bemodied by mounting the blades 32a for adjustment so that they will servethe function of dampers as well as deiectors. For some special purposesthese blades may be arranged for rotation of the secondary air oppositeto that of the primary air admitted by the doors or the blades bedisposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis or in a reversely inclinedcone from that shown.

Individual units of the burner, such as the automatic check valvecoupling may be used with atomizers and air registers of types differentfrom those illustrated and similarly, the air register comprising thetruste-conical and rotary axial air admission control may be usedwithout the special structure required for avoiding leakage in bulkheadfiring. y

Without the bulkhead the burner can be simpler and more compact, asshown in Figure 4, with the parts close-coupled and the hand controlcrank directly on the forward end of the air door operating shaft. Thehand wheel 2Gb in this form of the invention provides a means forsecuring and locking the air doors and dampers in any one of an infinitenumber of adjustments.

In all forms of the invention the parts are readily assembled and arereadily accessible for inspection, removal or repair. Upon taking oi thefinish ring 1b in the bulkhead type burner, Figures 1 and 2, the entireair register is exposed and,'if desired, may be removed as a unit in itsassembled condition through the bulkhead opening 1a.

The adjustable telescopic shroud Fig. 4 may be substantially cylindricalas shown, or otherwise. shaped to maintain desired separation of theperipherally'and axially entering whirling streams of air. f

The diffuser structures illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 withcircumferential slots and conically arranged slots for entry of air,particularly in the adjustable blade forms, enable desired control ofair ilow to the inside of the cone.

The telescopic relation between the cylindrical shroud member I I3, Fig.4, carried by the perimeter of the diffuser or flame cone and extendingrearwardly from `the furnace opening and the second fixedly supportedcylindrical member I I5, enables any desired axial adjustments of theiiame cone to be made without impairing the shielding eifect of theshroud. In all such adjustments, this shield prevents rearwardlydirected air streams flowing toward the furnace opening from strikingthe outer surface of the cone and deflecting therefrom into the path ofair streams entering through the register doors.

By forming the slots 43 and 43a, Figs. 1, 2 and 4 in different camshapes, various desired proportional operations of the air doors 9 andshutters 32 can be eected. The ilexible bellows seal I 48, Figs. 1 and2, may be of helical design and have screw engagement at opposite endsin the retainer iianges 50 and 5|. In practice, the bellows is usuallyscrewed entirely through such ilanges to expose the ends of the bellowsto ,suitable gaskets |25, interposed between end flanges 50, and thesecuring anges 49 and |26 Fig. 1 and 49 and 99 Fig. 2, which are opposedthereto. Thus these gaskets directly engage flange portions at the endsof the bellows and the portions of the bellows which are -screwed in theend flanges take all mechanical strains. thereby relieving the sealportions of strain. l

The invention may be modied and changed to meet particular requirementsand the special features of the invention may,'in some cases, beemployed alone or used in different combinations.

What is claimed is:

1. An air register having a peripheral set of air doors and a bladedfront cover for admitting 2'. An air register having a peripheral set ofair doors and a bladed iront cover for admitting an axial ilow of air,said bladed vfront cover having a central hub portion, a supportr tubecarried by and projecting from said hub portion of said bladed frontcover, radially disposed dampers pivoted at their outer ends in saidbladed front cover structure and having their inner ends rotatablyengaged with said hub portion, a damper hub removably engaged over saidinner endsr of the radial dampers and means engaged with said dampersfor variously adjusting the same.

3. An air register of the character disclosed, comprising peripherallyarranged air doors, radially disposed .air defiecting blades, damperscontrolling axial air flow to said radial blades, the ilow area by saiddampers being materiallygreater than that by said radial blades, meansfor effecting adjustment of said peripheral air doors and said dampersand including operating connections between said dampers and peripheralair doors to cause said axial flow to remain substantially constantthrough thel range of operating settings of said peripheral air doorsand to eiect the closure of said dampers with the closure of saidperipheral air doors.y

4. A burner, comprising in combination, an air register havingperipherally disposed adjustable doors to regulate and direct air ilow,centrally disposed fuel supply means, blade means for directingsupplemental air axially of said register and outwardly with rotarymotion, said peripheral doors and blade means cooperating to stabilizeair flow in the burner and adjustable damper means for. shutting oif orpermitting air ilow to said blade means.

5. An air register, having a peripheral set of air doors and a irontcover with openings for admitting an axial iow of air, said front coverhaving a central hub portion, a support tube carried by and projecting.from said hub portion, a cylinder journalled to rock on said supporttube, said cylinder having slots therein, radially disposed damperspivotally mounted on said front cover and having cranked inner endsengaged in said slots in said rocking cylinder, an air -door operatingring rotatably mounted on said front cover, and operating means for saidrocking cylinder and ring.

ERIC G. PETERSON.

